Despite relatively low NKG2D-ligand expression in primary AML samples (Figures 3D, E, 5A), this level of expression triggered statistically significant and robust functional NKG2D-CAR T cell responses against unsorted primary AML blasts (Pre-banking blasts percentage Mean 68.6%, SD 15.5; post-thaw viable CD45dim blast percentage Mean 91.3%, SD 6.7) including cytotoxicity (n=3) (Figure 5A), CD107a degranulation, intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α production and secretion of IFN-γ (n=9) (Figures 5B, C). Here, TNF is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.