Oral administration of S. aureus and Streptococcus danieliae, which are abundant in the inflammatory skin mouse model, exacerbated skin inflammation associated with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis with elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22, also suggesting a potential role of gut dysbiosis in the development of psoriasis (Okada et al., 2020). Here, TNF is linked to dermatitis.