EDN1 and hypertensive disorder: For example, attenuated functions of endothelial-mediated dilation (regulated by nitric acid, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors and prostacyclin) and constriction (regulated by endothelin-1, vasoconstrictor prostanoids, angiotensin II and superoxide anions) in regulating vascular smooth muscle tone promotes the onset of CVD such as hypertension and accelerated vascular impairment [36].