An in vivo demonstration of the antitumoral effect derived from coculture of human MSCs with hematologic malignancy cell lines was reported in CML: AT-MSCs inhibited CML cell line proliferation by interfering with the Wnt pathway and β-catenin production, blocking cell cycle progression to the G1/S checkpoint through the production of Dickkopf-related protein (Dkk-1) [121]. The gene discussed is DKK1; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.