VEGFA and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Among a large number of clinical studies, the FDA has approved several combination regimens of VEGF and immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as atezolizumab (an antagonist of PD-L1, Tecentriq®) plus bevacizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), avelumab (an antagonist of PD-L1, Bavencio®) plus axitinib (AG013736, a small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase, Inlyta®), and pembrolizumab (an antagonist of PD-1, Keytruda®) plus axitinib for the treatment of advanced renal carcinoma [40,41,42].