LCN2 and preterm premature rupture of the membranes: In summary, using protein–antibody microarray analyses and ELISAs of AF from women with early PPROM, we have discovered several potential novel biomarkers (i.e., lipocalin-2, MMP-9, and S100 A8/A9) related to SPTD within 14 days of sampling, all of which are inflammation-related molecules.