Moreover, our established HSA-Tid1f/f and HSA-Tid1f/+ transgenic mice (mice with Tid1 deficiency specifically in skeletal muscle) show severe muscular dystrophy with reduced motor activity, accompanied with impairment of activity of ATP sensor (p-AMPK) and mitochondrial biogenesis protein, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) [22]. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to muscular dystrophy.