CD68 and neoplasm: F. nucleatum is associated with a lower density of CD3 + T cells in a US cohort,60 and F. nucleatum high MSI-H CRC was significantly associated with a high density of CD68+ tumor-infiltrating macrophages, a special subtype of MDSC.62 A study by Hamada et al. found that the presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tissues was associated with MSI, lower-level tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and poor clinical outcomes.81 Therefore, F. nucleatum may promote immune evasion by suppressing anti-tumor immune responses in MSI-H CRC.