TIMP3 and atrial fibrillation: Notably, regulators that were exclusively synthesised in young AF are involved in collagen synthesis (P4HA1/2, LOXL2, LOX, PLOD1/2) and matrix turnover (MMP3), with enrichment of protease HTRA1 and protease inhibitors TIMP3 and ITIH in YND AF compared to AGD AF.