Similarly, higher proportions in YND AF were observed for proteoglycans (except FMOD), glycoproteins (except TNC, FBN1, FGG and FGA), ECM affiliated proteins (except C1QB), ECM regulators (except SERPINF2, SERPIND1, A2M, ITIH2, PLG), and secreted factors (except ANGPTL2). The gene discussed is SERPIND1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.