Notably, regulators that were exclusively synthesised in young AF are involved in collagen synthesis (P4HA1/2, LOXL2, LOX, PLOD1/2) and matrix turnover (MMP3), with enrichment of protease HTRA1 and protease inhibitors TIMP3 and ITIH in YND AF compared to AGD AF. This evidence concerns the gene LOX and argyrophilic grain disease.