In-vitro and in-vivo reports on pomegranate (PO), demonstrated significant changes in cancer markers and p21waf1/Cip1 (CDKN1A) induction as a mechanism underlying anticancer effect of urolithin-the gut microbiota derived metabolites of PO (132); the up-regulation of miR-215 or down-regulation of miR-224, was implicated in CDKN1A induction. Here, CDKN1A is linked to cancer.