In this study, the immunohistochemistry of FGF2, FGFR3, and FGFBP1 was used to further verify the expression of the three proteins in 172 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who had not received preoperative chemoradiotherapy and its effect on the prognosis of ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene FGFR3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.