CASP9 and cancer: PQR could significantly enhance its anti-proliferation effect on a variety of cancer cells after being processed at high temperature, because the structure and composition of saponins were changed at high temperature, and more low-polarity saponins were produced, such as ginsenosides Rg3, 20R-Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5, etc. These components can enhance the enzyme activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9, significantly reduce the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells (Park et al., 2014).