Artemisinin attenuates renal damage in DKD rats by suppressing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulation, increasing antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway (Jha et al., 2016; Akash et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.