NFKB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Surprisingly, many studies have shown that artemisinin and its derivatives exhibit a strong anti-inflammatory effect by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is a molecular mechanism critical for the state of chronic inflammation in IR and T2DM; however, direct evidence showing that artemisinins reverse IR through NF-κB is lacking (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2007; Xu et al., 2007; Duckworth et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2012b; Yazıcı and Sezer, 2017).