Furthermore, GHS-R1α antagonists, GOAT inhibitors and the genetic deletion of GHS-R1α enhanced the release of insulin, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and weight loss in in vivo models of obesity (Sun et al., 2006; Esler et al., 2007; Longo et al., 2008; Barnett et al., 2010; Qi et al., 2011). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.