TNF and Parkinson disease: Moreover, AG downregulated the transcription of IL-1 and/or the inflammasome-activating cytokine TNF-α in face of MPTP-injury (PD), threohydroxyaspartate (THA)/kainic acid-assault (excitotoxicity), subarachnoid hemorrhage and SCI (Moon et al., 2009a; Ersahin et al., 2010; Lee J. et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2012, 2014b; Alvarez and Munoz-Fernandez, 2013).