In addition, since our data show that inhibition of TPA and cathepsin D, the enzymes that mediate Ang II synthesis in NSCLC cells, has antitumorigenic properties, one might envision the development of novel therapies in which inhibition of these enzymes is tested in combination with either AT1-R or STAT3 pathway inhibitors. The gene discussed is CTSD; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.