Because our findings demonstrate an important protumorigenic role of local K-Ras/AGT/Ang II/AT1-R signaling in NSCLC cells, we speculate that the beneficial effects of AT1-R blockers in these studies might be the consequence, at least in part, of their ability to block local AT1-R signaling that is mediated by oncogenic K-Ras in transformed lung cancer cells. Here, KRAS is linked to lung cancer.