IRAK1 and cancer: For example, IRAK1 is overexpressed in breast cancer, which is significantly associated with the adverse prognosis of patients [30]; in lung cancer, IRAK1 high expression is relevant to the advanced clinical stage, larger tumor size, and lymph node metastasis [31]; besides, IRAK1 expression is significantly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, which modulates the stemness and drug resistance of cancer cells through regulating AP-1/AKR1B10 signaling pathway [28,32].