What’s more, the significance of pseudogenes in gene regulation has also been highlighted in tumorigenesis and tumor progression recently [20, 21], which was largely attributed to the finding that PTEN pseudogene 1 could upregulate his parental gene PTEN, a well-known tumor suppressor, via ceRNA mechanism and thus played a pivotal role in tumorigenesis in breast cancer [22]. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and neoplasm.