In order to evaluate whether either Toll- or – as is the case for local infections – imd-signaling plays a role in Drs expression, we used the reproducible fluorescence pattern of the Drs-GFP reporter at 96 hr AED to assay RNAi-lines directed against canonical components of both pathways in RasV12-glands (Figure 2A; see ‘Materials and methods’ for scored phenotypes; Ferrandon et al., 1998; Tzou et al., 2000; Takehana et al., 2004; Wagner et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.