Although cytokine-independent assays have been used to detect such antigen-experienced cells in natural dengue,30 we directly assessed DENV-specific CD4+ T cells responses after TV003 vaccination by ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs with DENV-derived major histocompatibility class II peptide megapools as described.31, 32, 33 We previously showed that TV003 induced a robust DENV-specific T cell response in the same CIR287 study cohort, with the peak response on day 21 following immunization.33 The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is dengue disease.