The accuracy of this estimating equation has long been contemplated and assessed by the members of the CKD-EPI Collaboration who also developed a 2012 version based on creatinine and cystatin C. In general, equations with multiple endogenous filtration markers are considered more precise than a single filtration marker counterpart.18,19 Also, a substantial proportion of the sampled population with reported renal dysfunction or elevated SCr did not report their gender, race, age, education, or income. Here, CST3 is linked to Abnormal renal physiology.