PDCD1LG2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In 2014, the first immunotherapy as a second-line treatment for NSCLC became available, and nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint and inhibits its interaction with ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 [7], was shown to be markedly more effective than docetaxel in advanced squamous [8] and nonsquamous NSCLC [9], with a duration of response of 23.8 months with nivolumab vs. 5.6 months with docetaxel [10] and an estimated 5-year OS rate of 16% of both agents in both squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC [11].