In contrast to many other putative T1D risk loci, the GLIS3-associated risk is not shared with other autoimmune diseases, emphasizing its effects at the β-cell level (Redondo & Concannon, 2020), probably by augmenting β-cell susceptibility to immune and metabolic stressors (Nogueira et al, 2013; Liston et al, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene GLIS3 and autoimmune disease.