GLIS3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: SNPs that lower GLIS3 expression increase the risk of both T1D and T2D (Barrett et al, 2009; Dupuis et al, 2010; Cho et al, 2011b; Steck et al, 2014; Winkler et al, 2014), whereas inactivating mutations in the gene itself cause severe neonatal diabetes (Taha et al, 2003; Senée et al, 2006; Dimitri et al, 2011).