The process is stimulated via several CagA-related mechanisms such as the downregulation of programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), induction of cancer stem cell-like properties, reduction in glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity, overactivation of fibroblasts, suppression of microRNA-134, altering the yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, or Afadin protein downregulation [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76]. Here, PDCD4 is linked to cancer.