A recent study in humans, in spite of the low number of the subjects enrolled, showed a peculiar signature of exo-miR expression, in a cohort of obese people, with or without T2D (respectively, Ob/D+ and Ob/D−) [118]: 15 Ob/D−-specific miRNAs were identified, one-third of which belongs to the let-7 family and is related to vascular damage, atherosclerosis and β-cell stress; whereas 9 miRNAs are Ob/D+-specific (miR-150-3p, -let7b-5p, -664a-5p, -320a, -320b, -423-5p, -424-3p, -483-5p, -2960), affecting the pathways associated with insulin secretion, insulin regulation and energy metabolism. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.