Finally, Schaub et al. [43] measured urinary concentrations of several renal tubular markers (retinol-binding protein, α1-microglobulin and NGAL) in kidney transplant recipients with median time from transplantation >90 days, who underwent either protocol or indication graft biopsy and were divided into four groups based on the biopsy findings regarding tubular pathology. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and medical procedure.