In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the steroidogenesis’s potential participation (StAr, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, and CYP19A1) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGCα and SIRT) related genes in the induction of testicular damage in T2DM. This evidence concerns the gene HSD17B3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.