Some studies in the literature evaluated serum oxidative stress through different parameters such as total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, paraoxonase-1, aryl esterase, total thiol, catalase, myeloperoxidase, and ceruloplasmin in patients with different types of renal cell carcinoma (72.3% patients with ccRCC) in different evolution stages and none could find a marker to discriminate between patients with RCC and healthy people [80]. Here, PON1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.