Although the fibrogenic role of TGF-β1 in the gut is well accepted [62,78], it is worth underlining that additional factors/cytokines, which are highly produced in the inflamed tissue of CD patients (e.g., TNF–α), can stimulate stromal cells to synthesize elevated amounts of collagen, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of CD strictures [84,85]. Here, TNF is linked to Cowden disease.