Given such a complexity and the ability of TGF-β1 and Smad proteins to modulate key processes involved in gut carcinogenesis (reported and discussed in the next chapter), therapeutic options aimed at targeting TGF-β1 signaling components to treat intestinal fibrosis should be carefully weighted up to avoid the risks of enhancing colorectal cancer (CRC) development. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.