As mentioned above, a whole exome sequencing (using VCRome 2.1 design) was performed on 792 subjects with FH: a forward genetic approach will be used to identify gene modifiers that influence disease presentation and progression, survival or other clinical outcomes, and a reverse approach using burden testing and analyses in known potential candidates, such as hepatic lipase (LIPC), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), endothelin 1 (EDN1), vesicle associated membrane protein 5 (VAMP5), adiponectin and others will also be performed. Here, EDN1 is linked to familial hyperaldosteronism.