HMOX1 and lung carcinoma: In vitro treatment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu3 lung cancer cell line with the potent Nrf2 activator, DMF: (1) exerted an anti-viral effect through inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication; (2) reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile; and (3) increased heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene expression [84].