VEGFA and central nervous system cancer: Aflibercept is a decoy protein composed of extracellular domains of VEGF fused to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (IgG1), able to block VEGF receptor activity; it showed promising results in a preclinical model of glioma [149] but failed to demonstrate efficacy in a Phase II clinical trial, with 25% of patients removed from the study due to toxicity (CNS ischemia and systemic hemorrhage) [106].