However, in contrast to the above results in the in vivo BPH model, CM treatment of cultured testicular cells alone slightly, but significantly, upregulated the expression of Srd5a1 and Cyp11a1. Furthermore, the pattern of steroidogenic enzyme gene expression did not parallel the changes in testosterone and DHT levels in cultured cells. Here, SRD5A1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.