Interestingly, epigenetic and gene expression studies unveiled the existence of different subtypes of SCLC based on their relative expression of the neuroendocrine lineage transcription factors ASCL1 (achaete-scute homologue 1) and NeuroD1 (neurogenic differentiation factor D1) and other transcription factors [26]. The gene discussed is ASCL1; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.