TNF and arthritic joint disease: In Freund’s adjuvant-induced complete arthritis or collagen-induced arthritis models in rodents, andrographolide (3‒6 mg/kg i.p.)diminishes the clinical score of arthritis and joint damage and reduces the production of NO and TNF-α [17], indicating that andrographolide may be employed as a natural anti-inflammatory or for the synthesis of more potent derivatives [18].