GRB2 and infection: VP11/12 was then found to bind to the Src family kinases Grb2, p85, and Shc, thus leading to Akt activation in a T cell lymphoma cell line, and in support of this, it was found that infection with UL46-deficient viruses in HFFs led to reduced Akt activation as compared to infection with wild-type virus [163,172].