MAPK3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: To examine whether XCL1 also activated the ERK/HIF-1α/EMT signaling pathway of other cancer cell types, A549 NSCLC and Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with 100 ng/mL XCL1 for 24 h and assessed for EMT markers as well as HIF-1α and ERK1/2.