NFKB1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [30] and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) [31] are widely used agonists and inhibitors of the NFκB pathway, and we performed ChIP-PCR with an anti-p65 antibody in LPS- or PDTC-treated ESCC cells, confirming p65 occupancy at the predicted loci (Figure 4C).