We found that the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ESCC cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as negative control were mainly enriched in pathways related to immunity, cell proliferation, and metastasis, such as epithelial mesenchymal transition, up-regulated KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS) signaling; IL6, Jak, and STAT3 signaling and IL2 and STAT5 signaling (Supplementary Figure S1B). Here, STAT3 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.