TP53 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): This mouse model was developed in 2000 by Reilly et al. and it is the first astrocytoma mouse model that was generated by knocking-down neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) and tumor protein p53 in mice which then spontaneously developed brain tumors with variable histology from low grade astrocytoma to GBM [29].