TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: This review focused on several novel cellular signaling pathways associated with CRC metastasis, including Wnt/β-catenin, p53, cyclooxygenase (COX), TGF-β/SMAD, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), Notch, vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAKs/STAT3) pathways.