IL6 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Veillonella were shown to be linked with an in vitro higher expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-23A, IL-6, IL-8, CCL3, and CCL4, in which the translocation of these bacteria from the gut into the blood circulation might be associated with a leaky gut epithelium and enhanced intestinal immune infiltration in T1D subjects, leading to intestinal inflammation and autoimmunity [55,57,59,71,72,75,76] as shown in Table 1.