FOXP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In addition, SCFA (mainly butyrate) possesses an immunoregulatory function in different immune cells including T-reg cells, via mediating HDAC inhibition accompanied by histone H3 acetylation at the promoter of the Foxp3 locus leading to enhanced Foxp3gene expression and providing protection against auto-immune response in individuals with T1D [91,175,180,199,215].