MYD88 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: While the absence of the myeloid differentiation innate immune adaptor gene (MyD88) in the NOD mice protects against T1D, it was observed that this protection is mediated by the gut microbiome, via enhancing the expression of the immuno-regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the pancreatic lymph nodes [161,169].