IL17A and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In contrast, it was also shown that the presence of a specific bacterial species such as single-segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) or Bacillus cereus in the female NOD mice raised under germ-free conditions enhances the expression of the signature genes in Th17 cells such as Il17a, Il17f, Il22, Il1r1, and Il23r which may delay the onset of T1D through regulating the auto-immune response leading to enhanced gut integrity [150,165,166,167].