MYD88 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In addition, dysbiotic gut microbiota (mainly G negative Bacteroides) may also induce an inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium through the Myd88 signaling pathway, leading to higher gene expression of TLR 2, TLR 4, and TLR 9 in monocytes, and an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, enhancing bacterial translocation which showed associated with the initiation of T1D [208,209].