Interestingly, therapeutic effects of SCFAs (mainly pentanoate) on autoimmune disorders were shown to be mediated by Th17, macrophage, and DC via lowering the expression of the inflammatory genes including IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-21 [180,219], lowering the immune response towards intestinal microbiota and enhancing the immune tolerance in the gut by T cell-independent IgA response [220,221]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Autoimmunity.