The protective effects of caffeic acid in ischemia models may be also related to its ability to inhibit 5-LOX activity as it suppressed the production of leukotrienes (i.e., 5-LOX metabolites) in the rat brain after focal ischemia induction [363] as well as in the PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/OGD-R) insult—an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion [362]. The gene discussed is ALOX5; the disease is ischemia.