SCD and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Mice with deletion of the Scd1 gene exhibit higher energy expenditure, elevated basal thermogenesis, decreased body adiposity, and increased insulin sensitivity and are resistant to diet-induced (e.g., by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets) and genetic-induced (e.g., by leptin deficiency and in agouti mice) obesity [17,18].