In addition to a decreased frequency/number of T-bet+ lung CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responding to influenza infection in TCS treated mice, total (CD4+ and CD8+), CD44hi (CD4+ and CD8+), and Tet+ (CD8+) T cells in the lung had a decreased level of T-bet expression on a per cell basis (decreased T-bet MFI; Fig 8A and 8B). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and influenza.