APC and cancer: This dependence on Wnt may reflect that truncated APC proteins in intestinal tumors may retain functional activity and responsiveness to Wnt ligands as far as β-catenin degradation (Voloshanenko et al, 2013); alternatively, Wnt dependence may be due to APC-independent, non-canonical Wnt signaling, which has been implicated in tumor development through studies in cancer cell models (Ueno et al, 2009; Voloshanenko et al, 2018).