For instance, the soluble HBV protein-based vaccines (the most efficient preventive vaccine: protection from the related infection and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] development in more than 95% vaccinated healthy individuals) have been demonstrated to efficiently elicit HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, but they do not provide any effect as a therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic HBV infection or HCC [74, 75]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.