FGF23 and chronic kidney disease: These toxins, including fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23); leptin; interleukin families such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-18; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), also play an important link between CKD and cardiovascular morbidity [26].