CALCA and inflammatory response: We can summarize the key findings of this study as follows: (i) DEP induces neutrophilic lung inflammation in in vivo study; (ii) DEP increased ER stress marker expressions of BiP and CHOP in lung tissues of in vivo study; (iii) DEP-laden AM is observed in lung tissues of in vivo study exposed to DEP; (iv) DEP increases ROS-mediated inflammation and ER stress-related expressions in cultured AM; (v) CXCL/1/KC is also released by DEP in cultured AM.