MSI1 and breast neoplasm: In particular, breast tumor cells that infiltrate the lungs were shown to release high levels of TNC, which drives the expression of musashi RNA binding protein 1 (MSI1) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), leading to the activation of the Notch and Wnt pathways, and thus promoting stemness and the outgrowth of pulmonary micrometastases [203].