TNF and breast carcinoma: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to study the enrichment of MSigDB Hallmark gene sets in breast cancers with high NRF2. We found that inflammation- and immune-related gene sets were significantly enriched in high NRF2 tumors consistently in both the METABRIC and GSE96058 cohorts, such as inflammatory response, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling, complement, coagulation, allograft rejection, IL2/STAT5 signaling, interferon (IFN)-γ response, and apoptosis (Figure 3).