This includes increasing clearance of antibiotic-resistant pathogens from macrophages due to the potentiation of autophagy [17], and similarly may even restore macrophage function in CF F508 del backgrounds via antioxidant activity, the inhibition of TG2, and reduction in Beclin-1 crosslinking and rescue of CFTR function [16]. Here, TGM2 is linked to cystic fibrosis.